Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition that occurs when the bones in the body become weak and brittle, leading to an increased risk of fractures (broken bones). It is a common condition, particularly in older adults, and affects both men and women.

Osteoporosis is caused by a loss of bone density, which can be due to a number of factors, including:

Age: Bone density naturally decreases with age.

Gender: Women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men.

Genetics: Some people have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis due to genetic factors.

Hormonal changes: Osteoporosis is more common in women after menopause due to the decreased production of estrogen.

Lifestyle factors: A lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet that is low in calcium and vitamin D can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Symptoms of osteoporosis may not be noticeable until a bone fracture occurs.

Osteoporosis can be diagnosed through bone density tests, such as a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Treatment for osteoporosis includes:

Medications: such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide

Lifestyle changes: such as regular exercise, a diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D, and quitting smoking

Hormone therapy

Surgery: in case of severe or recurrent fractures

Prevention of osteoporosis includes:

Maintaining a healthy diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D

Regular exercise and physical activity

Not smoking

Limiting alcohol consumption

Taking medications as prescribed to prevent bone loss

Overall, Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern, as it can lead to fractures and disability. It is essential that individuals at risk of osteoporosis are identified and receive appropriate treatment and care to prevent bone fractures and maintain their quality of life.