Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Kidney Failure, Chronic

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic kidney failure, is a progressive loss of kidney function over time. It’s characterized by a gradual decline in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream.

The causes of CKD can be varied, with some of the most common causes including:

Diabetes

High blood pressure

Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units)

Polycystic kidney disease (a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys)

Nephrotic syndrome (a group of symptoms caused by damage to the kidneys’ filtering units)

Urinary tract obstructions.

The progression of CKD can be classified into five stages, based on the level of kidney function and the presence of certain markers such as protein in the urine.

Symptoms of CKD can include:

Fatigue

Nausea

Loss of appetite

Swelling of the feet and ankles

Itchiness

Difficulty sleeping

Difficulty concentrating

Headaches

Dizziness

Breathing difficulties.

Treatment for CKD aims to slow the progression of the disease and to manage its symptoms. This can include controlling underlying conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, managing anemia and mineral imbalances, and controlling fluid and electrolyte imbalances. In advanced stages, treatment may also include dialysis or kidney transplantation.

It’s important to note that early detection and management of CKD can help to slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications.