Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Estrogens

Estrogens are a group of hormones that are responsible for the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics. They are produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat cells, and play a role in a wide range of physiological processes, including the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the maintenance of bone density. Estrogens are also used as medications to treat a variety of conditions, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer.

There are several different types of estrogens that are used in healthcare, including:

Estradiol: This is the most potent and biologically active form of estrogen, and is the primary estrogen produced by the ovaries. It is used to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent osteoporosis.

Estriol: This is a weaker form of estrogen that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It is sometimes used as a treatment for menopausal symptoms.

Estropipate: This is a synthetic estrogen that is converted to estradiol in the body. It is used to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent osteoporosis.

Estrogens are usually taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules, but they can also be administered through skin patches, gels, or injections. Estrogens can have a variety of side effects, including nausea, bloating, breast tenderness, and fluid retention, and they may also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. It is important for individuals taking estrogens to closely follow their healthcare provider’s instructions and to report any adverse effects.