This presentation will discuss the present knowledge of pain biology - what pain is, why we have it, and why it sometimes doesn't go away - including the adaptive and the maladaptive ways that the nervous system changes when people are injured and experience pain.It will discuss the concept that pain is an emergent phenomenon that occus as a protective response when the available information supports the presence of (real or perceived) danger.Critically, such a definition highlights that there are many available inputs - beyond nociceptive input from an injury - that can influence and even initiate pain.Therefore, this presentation will also explore the range of factors that are known to contribute to pain and how we can use these to our advantage when treating patients, with particular focus on the importance of our language and communication.Lastly, this presentation will discuss treatments for pain that target the brain and the role that these may play in people with chronic pain.

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